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Bacharach Gas Pup Instrucciones de operaciones Pagina 48

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CALCULATING RESULTS GA-40 T plus
48
λ − excess air number
As can be seen, the concentration of "undiluted" CO is the hypothetical concentration that would have been
formed if the same amount of carbon monoxide had appeared in combustion gases when burning without
excess air (where λ = 1, so O
2
= 0%).
6.5 Mass concentrations of gas components
GA-40 T plusplus also makes calculations of mass concentration expressed in [mg/m3] from the concentration
expressed in [ppm]. Mass concentration of gas elements depends on the gas pressure and temperature. To
make comparison of results possible, the idea of standard conditions was introduced, that is standard
temperature and pressure values at which the mass concentration of the elements is calculated. In the
GA-40 T plusplus system standard conditions of 1000 hPa and 0
o
C were taken.
The analyser indicates two different values expressed in [mg/m
3
], they are the so called absolute mass
concentration and mass concentration relative to oxygen. These values are often confused - in the next section
the way they are calculated and the differences between them are explained.
6.5.1 Absolute mass concentration of gas components
Absolute mass concentration defines how many milligrams of a given gas is contained in 1m
3
of combustion
gas at standard conditions (1000 hPa, 0
o
C). The concentration value is calculated from the concentration
expressed in [ppm] using the factor A from table 6. The following formula shows how the absolute mass
concentration is calculated (here CO concentration):
•
[ ]
CO
mg
m
3
CO ppm A
CO
= ⋅
where:
CO[mg/m
3
] - absolute CO mass concentration in combustion gas (at standard conditions).
CO[ppm] - absolute CO volume concentration in combustion gas (from measurement).
A
CO
- correction factor from table 6.
Gas
A
mg
m *ppm
3
CO 1.250
NO 1.340
SO
2
2.860
NO
2
, NO
x
2.056
H
2
S 1.520
H
2
0.089
Tab. 6: Factors to correct concentration in [ppm] into mass concentration in [mg/m3] (at standard
conditions 1000 hPa, 0
o
C).
Note: mass concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) is calculated by the analyser
(according to the standards) using the nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
) factor.
Mass concentration calculated by GA-40 T plusplus is comparable with the results obtained by other methods (or
different types of analysers) only when both calculations have been carried out
based on the same standard conditions.
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